Mesopotamians used magic to -mostly - thwart evil done by demons. It was a normal practice of Mesopotamian society: doctors, priests/priestesses, men and women all used it. Magic took the form of incantations and spells, figurines and amulets.

White magic was not outlawed in this ancient society. It had many and various uses:
*protection from evil (witches, sorcerers, demons)
*frustrate evil intentions of the above
*cure sickness/demonic possession
*counteract foretold catastrophic events
*secure favors of a loved one
Along with spells and incantations, doctors used: decoctions, poltices, ointments and enemas.

Black magic was illegal. It was used to the detriment of society, therefore it was considered evil. Witchcraft (one form of black magic) was mostly female and had actual laws against it. If one was accused of such an act, they were submitted to the “river ordeal”. If the person drowned, he/she was a witch. If they survived, the accuser was put to death.

This is a very brief post about the magic of Mesopotamia. I may have time to add to it later.