Author: * Brigha Brigantes -
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Date: Jul 7, 2006 - 03:23
Ebrauc has a long and rich history. What time period is the Summer of Blood? Pre or post Roman rule?
Sharing the results of my research into this area:
The Brigantes, Parisii and Carvetii
Prior to the Roman invasion of Britannia, Ebrauc, the area now covered by Yorkshire was mostly in the territory of the Brigantes, a British Celtic tribe which lived between Tyne and Humber. A tribe of the Brigantes, the Parisii, inhabited what would become the East Riding. The Carvetii formed what is now called Cumbria, but was at the time of the Domesday Book, still part of Ebrauc. Life was based around agriculture, wheat and barley being the staple foods. The Brigantes lived in small villages rather than towns, and raised cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and horses.
Fortifications were constructed in Brigantia and notable forts can still be descerned on Ingleborough and at Wincobank, amongst other places. Stanwick seems to have been the tribal capital of the Brigantes up until the Roman conquest.
The Romans, Deirans and Northumbrians
Initially, Roman advances stopped at the River Don, the southern boundary of the territory. Queen Cartimandua, the last ruler of the Brigantes, depended on Roman support to withstand the forces of her estranged husband, Venutius. The territory remained independent until AD 69, when the Ninth Legion under Quintus Petillius Cerialis moved in to quell civil war between Cartimandua and Venutius, bringing to an end British rule in England. York was founded in AD 71 as Eboracum, the Roman capital of Northern Britain. In the early 3rd century Eboracum was granted the honorary rank of a Roman colony.
Around this time York became the Roman capital of northern Britain, Britannia Inferior, following the province being split. When Britannia was further divided in 296, York remained the administrative centre of Britannia Secunda. Constantine the Great was crowned Roman Emperor here in 306 and it would be he who would institute Roman Christendom. With the break up of Roman Britain, York became the capital of the British kingdom of Ebrauc. At the end of Roman rule in the 5th century, Northern Britain may have come under the rule of Romano-British Coel Hen, the last of the Roman-style Duces Brittanniarum (Dukes of the Britons).
However, this kingdom rapidly broke up into smaller kingdoms. Most of what is now Yorkshire fell under the rule of the kingdom of Ebruac but Yorkshire also includes territory from the kingdoms of Dunoting and Elmet, which formed at around this time. Cravenshire's formation was also from this time. The emigration of Britons to Brittany left Britain open to settlement by the Anglo-Saxons in the Great Conspiracy. These people are now represented by the Principality of Wales, but provided basis for Celtic Christianity in the area.
In the late 5th century and early 6th century Angles colonised the North Sea and Humber coastal areas, particularly around Holderness. This was followed by the subjugation of the whole of east Yorkshire and the British kingdom of Ebruac in about 560. The name the Angles gave to the territory was Dewyr, or Deira, with it's capital at Eoforwic, modern day York. Early rulers of Deira extended the territory north to the River Wear and about 600, Aethelfrith was able to unite Deira with the northern kingdom of Bernicia, forming the kingdom of Northumbria. Edwin of Northumbria completed the conquest of the area to be known as Yorkshire by his conquest of the kingdom of Elmet, including Hallamshire and Loidis, in 617.
He converted to Christianity, along with his nobles and many of his subjects, in 627. The defeat of Edwin at the Battle of Hatfield Chase by Penda of Mercia in 633 was followed by continuing struggles between Mercia and Northumbria for supremacy over Deira.
Sources:
From Answers.com:
http://www.answers.com/main/ntquery;jsessionid=192sfdoyp4r8r?tname=history-of-yorkshire&curtab=2222_1&sbid=lc07b
From Wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebrauc
A mini timeline and some intereting historical facts can be found here: http://www.visityork.org/media/factsheets/romanticy.asp
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