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In this group we are going to explore the great variety of Germanic Languages, both Old and New, from Old Norse to Modern German.

Medieval English (- threads, 14 posts)
    Old English - General Discussion (7 posts)
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    For everything related to the Old English language: history, dialects, influences, literature, etc. ...
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    For comparison: Our Father in OE
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    Author: * Eirikr Knudsson - 3 Posts on this thread out of 466 Posts sitewide.
    Date: Feb 2, 2006 - 21:17

    Fæder ure,
    ðu ðe eart on heofenum,
    si ðin nama gehalgod;
    to-becume ðîn rîce;
    geweorþe ðîn willa on eorðan swa swa on heofenum.
    Urne ge dæghwamlican hlaf syle us to-dæg,
    and forgyf us ure gyltas
    swa swa we forgifaþ urum gyltendum,
    ane ne gelæde ðu us on costnunge, ac alys us of yfle.
    Amen.

    Cognates with modern English:

    • fæder > father
    • ure, urne > our
    • ðu > thou
    • eart > art
    • on > on, in
    • heofen(um) > heaven
    • ðîn > thine
    • nama > name
    • gehalgode > holy
    • rîc(e) > rich
    • willa > will
    • eorð(an) > earth
    • swa > so, as (see below)
    • hlaf > loaf
    • syle > sell
    • to-dæg > today
    • and, ond > and
    • forgyf > forgive
    • us > us
    • gylt > guilt
    • ne > no, not
    • gelæde > lead
    • alys > release, loose
    • of > of, off
    • yfel, yfle > evil

      Some things to note about Old English:

      1. The 'th' sounds in 'that' (voiced) and 'thin' (unvoiced) that exist in most old Germanic languages (except Old High German) are represented, interchangeably, by þ ('thorn') and ð ('eth'). OE and Old Saxon have ðîn, 'thine', while Old High German has dîn.

      2. The sounds 'ah' and 'eh' often come across into Old English as the sound of 'a' in 'cat', represented by the letter æ. Thus, 'father' in OE is fæder, while Old Saxon has fader and Old High German has fater.

      3. Old English tends to have more diphthonged vowels than its linguistic siblings: E.g.: "heaven" = OE heofon, heofen but Old Saxon hefon. "Become" = OE weorðan but Gothic waírþan and German werden. "Earth" = OE eorða but German Erde.

      4. Old English and Old Saxon sometimes drop nasals (n, m) that High German keeps. E.g.: "Our" = OE ure, OS ura, but OHG unsar. "Us" = OE and OS us, but German uns. "Other" = OE oðer, OS other (pronounced the same), but OHG ander.

      5. Swa swa, 'just as'. The word swa was a common Germanic word for "so", its modern descendent. Doubled, it meant "as", and eventually even came to be pronounced like the word "as": "swaswa". In High German, swa was spelled and pronounced swe. This later became swie, and eventually just wie. So the words 'as', 'so', and wie all come from the same root, though they now look completely different.


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