A goddess-mother's responsibility is to safeguard her pubescent daughter and deliver
her safely to marriage. In a Dumuzi-Inanna courtship song, when
Dumuzi urges Inanna to frolic with him in the moonlight, Inanna
replies, "What lies should I tell my mother?"
She does not
intend to reject Dumuzi, for when he declares himself ready to come
to the gate of her mother to ask for her in marriage, Inanna is
overjoyed.
She preserves her virginity until her wedding.
Inanna
is known in Sumerian literature as goddess of sexual
attractivenesss and desire.
Nevertheless, when she appears in her
aspect of the young sexually desirable girl, she is a sexual
innocent:
I am one who knows not that which is
womanly -- copulating,
I am one who knows not that which is
womanly -- kissing,
I am one who knows not copulating,
I am one who knows not kissing.
When we consider Inanna's function in the provision of fertility
and abundance, it might appear unusual that she looks to Dumuzi for
food.
Inanna prepares for her wedding by washing herself, anointing
herself with oil, putting on eyeliner, dressing her hair, and
putting on jewelry.
Dumuzi, for his part, promises to bring the
food she desires.
The sense of husband as provider of food is found
in the lament for the dead Dumuzi in which Inanna mourns the loss
of her provider,
"the one who gave me food will no longer give me
food; the one who gave me water will no longer give me water."
Yet Inanna is not domesticated. She does not weave, cook, or
perform "wifely" duties.
In her lack of encumbrances, she lives the
life of young men.
Like them she is called "manly.."
Like them she
loves warfare and seeks lovers.
She is a woman in a man's life.
Thus, unlike other women, she is placed at the boundary of
differences between man and woman. She transcends gender
polarities, and is said to turn men into women and women into men.
The cult of Inanna represents this role of boundary-keeper of the
gender line. At her festivals men dress as women and women as men,
and cultic dancers wear costumes that are male on the right and
female on the left.
In this cultic gender mix and in its hymnic
acknowledgement, Ishtar serves not only to transcend gender, but
ultimately to protect it.
As in all ritualized rebellion, the
societally approved and regulated breaking of a norm actually
serves to reinforce it.