It might be a bit controversial to say Mesopotamia started the agriculture of fruits and nuts. We were the first proven growers of orchards (Assyria had orchards between 4,000 and 3,000 BC). It is theorized however, that orchard growing may have started with the Hittites in Asia Minor. Wherever it started, we were certainly growing apples, pears, plums, cherries, quinces, pomegranites, medlars, citrons, and mulberries before history began. You can add to these the pistachio and almonds as far as nuts go. If you also add the fruits and nuts which were introduced to the western world from points further east (Persia, China, and the Indus), the list would include oranges, grapefruit, and walnuts.

Oh, buy the way.....these food posts are taken from a number of sources, but the main one is Food In Antiquity, by Brothwell and Brothwell.