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	Per-Wadjet
	Zau (Sais)

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Per-Wadjet

General Urbs

Buto, or Butos, or Butosos was the later, Greek name for the city located 95 km east of Alexandria in the Nile Delta of Egypt. The city stood on the Sebennytic arm of the Nile, near its mouth, and on the southern shore of the Butic Lake. It is the modern Kem Kasir.

Prior to Egypt's unification around 3000 BC, the country was probably controlled from the north by one group of people and in the south by another. There were two lands, Upper( because it was up river ), or Southern Egypt and Lower, or Northern Egypt. At this time, the most important city in Lower Egypt was Nekhen ( Greek Hierakonopolis, meaning " City of the Falcon " ). Even after Egypt's unification during the early dynasties, it remained an important city, and at times, might have been considered Egypt's capital. The Greek name for this city would indicate that the chief diety worshipped was probably the Falcon God, Horus.

In the North, Nekhen's counterpart was Buto, today known as Tell le-Farain ( meaning " mound of the pharoahs " ). It is located near a small village that still preserves the ancient name after 5000 years. During ancient times, it was in Nome VI ( Mountain Bull ). Buto continued to be an important center into the early dynasties of a united Egypt. Buto may be shown on the Narmer Pallette as a major Delta center. A tomb seal impression found in Qa'a's Tomb names a Royal Palace located at Buto as Hwt Pe Hor Mesen , which was built during the 1st Dynasty and was still active in the Third Dynasty

Buto was originally two cities, Pe and Dep, which merged into one city the Egyptians named Per-Wadjet. The goddess Wadjet was the local goddess, often represented as a cobra, and was considered the patron diety of Lower Egypt. Her oracle was located in her temple in that city. An annual festival in the city celebrated Wadjet. Her image formed the royal crown, the Uraeus, worn by the rulers of Lower Egypt. It encircled their heads and the cobra flare and head extended from their foreheads. Wadjet was closely associated in the Egyptian Pantheon with Bast the fierce goddess depicted as a lioness warrior and protector, a sun goddess whose eye later became the Eye of Horus of the Eye of Re, The Lady of Flame. The city also contained a sanctuary of Horus and much later, became associated with Isis.

Archaeological evidence shows that Upper Egyptian culture replaced the Buto-culture at the delta when Upper and Lower Egypt unified. At that time, Wadjet joined Nekhbet, who was represented as a white vulture and held the same position as the patron of Upper Egypt. Together they were known as the Two Ladies who were the two patrons of a unified Egypt. The image of Nekhbet joined Wadjet on the Uraeus that would encircle the crown of the pharoahs who ruled the unified Egypt.

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