Xanthippos, son of Ariphron, of the deme Cholargos was a politician and a field gentleman in antique Athens. who brought Miltiades up before the people claiming the penalty of death and prosecuted him for his deception of the Athenians.

Xanthippos, was also the father of Perikles, and the Prutaneis of the Naukraroi concerns the ostrakon which attacks Xanthippos as one of the "accursed prytaneis". The prytaneis of the naukraroi, originally "accursed" because of their connection with the execution of the Kylonian conspirators and now attacked because their failure to provide "battle-worthy" ships had caused the failure of Nikodromos' coup on Aigina. One wonders, however, why there was a four-year delay between Nikodromos' coup and Xanthippos.